Rather, it requires a package of overlapping mechanisms that progressively enable the exercise of a growing range of freedoms. Poverty is characterized by lack of at least one freedom (Sen uses the term unfreedom for lack of freedom), including a de facto lack of political rights and choice, vulnerability to coercive relations, and exclusion from economic choices and protections.īased on these ethical considerations, Sen argues that development cannot be reduced to simply increasing basic incomes, nor to rising average per capita incomes. economic protection from abject poverty, including through income supplements and unemployment relief.freedom of opportunity, including freedom to access credit and.political freedoms and transparency in relations between people.Development as Freedom was published one year later and argues that development entails a set of linked freedoms: Knopf.Īmartya Sen was the winner of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Economics. The American edition of the book was published by Alfred A. Development as Freedom is a 1999 book about international development by Indian economist and philosopher Amartya Sen.
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